A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is designed to shut down a computer system or network so that targeted users cannot access it. DoS attacks do this by flooding the victim with too much traffic or information, causing a crash. DoS attacks typically target web servers of well-known organizations, including banks, media and commercial enterprises, as well as government and commercial institutions (Kim et al., 2020). DoS attacks can cost victims considerable time and money, although they usually do not result in the theft or loss of critical information or other assets. DoS attacks typically use one of two techniques: flooding the service or crashing the service (Chen et al., 2019). A flood attack occurs when the server is unable to handle the traffic coming into the system, causing the system to become sluggish and eventually stop. Email, online banking, websites, and any other service that relies on the target’s network or machine are examples of targets. DoS attacks come in many forms, including resource exhaustion and flood attacks. continue…