The Zwitterionic Amino acids at pH 4: Exceptions
Below a pH of 4, tryptophan, cysteine and glutamic acids have different zwitterionic versions. Tryptophan, cysteine, and glutamic acid will retain their zwitterionic forms of the four amino acids. Lysine and glutamic will lose this form. Tryptophan, cysteine and lysine both have pH 4, which is neutral. They can therefore remain unchanged in their zwitterionic state. Two carboxylic groups are found at the ends these two amino acids’ side chains. They can remain neutral at pH 4, thanks to the presence of their carboxylic compounds (Kumar 2018,).
Glutamic acid and Lysine, on the other hand cannot remain at pH 4 in their zwitterionic state. Glutamic acid is negatively charged at pH 4, due to its two carboxylic chains (Shih, et al. 2016). The same goes for lysine, which has two amino chains on its side chain. It is positively charged at pH 4, according to Mannal et. al.,2021. These two amino acids cannot be kept in the same zwitterionic state at given pH. Cont…
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