To hide their attacks, which often involve malware and other computer infections to infiltrate people’s confidential information online, criminals often use encrypted communications. As the technology becomes more common, asymmetric encryption may be more easily exploited by criminals (Sugara et al., 2022). To avoid being caught by law enforcement, criminals are increasingly communicating through encrypted channels such as Telegram and Signal (Ogunlana, 2019). Criminals use these channels to organize, conduct and spread their campaigns. With the help of 16 other countries and a US-led law enforcement effort, the FBI created ANOM, an encryption company that provides more than 12,000 encrypted devices to more than 300 criminals, including drug dealers and transnational crime syndicates . [ANOM] To eavesdrop and intercept messages when criminals use these devices by providing encrypted communication devices and making them available for purchase on the dark web. Criminals are likely to use asymmetric encryption more frequently in the future because it allows them to use two different keys to encrypt and decrypt messages. continue…