Intelligence Test Models
These tests measure an individual’s ability to think, learn and solve problems. They are used to evaluate cognitive ability and forecast future job and academic performance in clinical and educational settings. Many models have been suggested for intelligence over time. Spearman (2018) and Cattell (1999) are two of the most well-known. Spearman’s theory, commonly known as “two-factor theory”, proposes intelligence is made up of two factors. One is the general factor (g), and one are specific factors (s). While the general factor is a person’s cognitive abilities, specific factors are their ability in certain areas such as math or verbal ability. Although specific capabilities may vary between people, the general factor of intelligence influences them all (Spearman 2018). Cattell’s theory is also called the “fluid- crystallized Intelligence” theory. It proposes that intelligence can be divided into two kinds of cognitive abilities, fluid intelligence, and crystallized. The ability to think abstractly and solve complex problems. Crystallized intelligence allows you to utilize previously-acquired knowledge and skills in solving problems. The model shows that fluid intelligence decreases with age while crystallized intelligence increases with experience and age (Cartell 2019, 2019). Cont…
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