The federal government must better identify, deter, prevent, detect, and respond to these acts and perpetrators. The federal government must thoroughly investigate every major cyber incident, and it must act on the lessons learned. But securing Internet calls isn’t just a government effort. The federal government must work with businesses to protect our nation from harmful cyber actors. To promote a safer cyberspace, the private sector must work with the federal government to adapt to the changing threat environment and ensure that its products are designed and operated securely (Executive Order, 2021). The federal government must act decisively to update its approach to cybersecurity to keep pace with today’s dynamic and highly sophisticated cyberthreat environment. This includes increasing the federal government’s visibility into threats while protecting civil liberties and privacy. To achieve these modernization goals, the federal government must adopt security best practices, move closer to a zero-trust architecture, and accelerate the transition to secure cloud services such as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) , centralize and simplify access to cybersecurity data to drive analytics to identify and manage cybersecurity risks, and invest in technology and people (Executive Order, 2021). continue…